Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in the blood. It is essential for building cells and producing certain hormones, but too much cholesterol in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease.
Types of cholesterol
There are two main types:
LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) – often called “bad” cholesterol
HDL cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein) – often called “good” cholesterol
Having high levels of LDL cholesterol can contribute to the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, which may restrict blood flow.
What causes high cholesterol?
Cholesterol levels can be influenced by:
Diet high in saturated or trans fats
Lack of physical activity
Being overweight
Smoking
Family history
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes
High cholesterol does not usually cause symptoms, so many people are unaware their levels are raised.
How can cholesterol be checked?
Cholesterol is measured with a blood test. This may be done:
By your GP
As part of a routine health check
In some pharmacies offering cholesterol testing services
Results usually include:
Total cholesterol
LDL cholesterol
HDL cholesterol
Sometimes triglycerides
Your healthcare professional will interpret the result based on your overall risk factors.
What do the results mean?
There is no single “ideal” cholesterol number for everyone. Your GP or pharmacist will consider:
Age
Blood pressure
Smoking status
Family history
Other health conditions
Based on this, they can advise whether lifestyle changes or further medical assessment is appropriate.
Supporting healthy cholesterol levels
General advice may include:
Choosing foods lower in saturated fat
Including wholegrains, fruit and vegetables
Being physically active
Maintaining a healthy weight
Avoiding smoking
In some cases, medication such as statins may be prescribed by a GP where clinically appropriate.
When should you have your cholesterol checked?
You may be advised to have a cholesterol test if:
You are over 40
You have risk factors for heart disease
You have a family history of high cholesterol
You have conditions such as diabetes
Your pharmacist or GP can advise if testing is suitable for you.
